Advancing peer review at ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç
Peer review is central to the publishing process and has a fundamental role to play in maintaining the integrity of the published literature and advancing discovery.
At ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç, we have always supported innovation in peer review and were one of the first publishers to truly open up peer review in 1999. We are leading on new initiatives to further develop peer review, and suggest ways to improve the process in this . In keeping with ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç’s commitment to research in progress, we are partnering with a trans-disciplinary, cross-sectorial collaboration aiming to improve peer review.
We also publish a dedicated journal which publishes research into peer review. Where we can make a difference we will, piloting new approaches and partnering with others. Here are some of our initiatives currently underway, if you have ideas or feedback on how we can continue to improve peer review, please .
Peer review initiatives
Models of peer review
- Open peer review
- Transparent peer review
- Double-blind peer review
​â¶Ä‹â¶Ä‹â¶Ä‹â¶Ä‹â¶Ä‹â¶Ä‹Innovative approaches
- Patient peer review
- Registered Reports
- Results-free review
- Automated peer review
- Re-review opt out
- Portable peer review within and between publishers
- Expedited peer review
Recognition for peer review
- Publons
- Reviewer acknowledgements
Open peer review
Open peer review as practised by ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç, specifically refers to open identities and open content, i.e. authors know who the reviewers are and if the manuscript is accepted for publication the named reviewer reports accompany the published article. A number of journals with academic Editor(s)-in-Chief (, , and many more) use this approach. Open peer review facilitates accountability and recognition, and may help in training early career researchers about the peer review process. Read more about the benefits .
Transparent peer review
Transparent peer review is a model of peer review where reviewer reports accompany publication of the article but the reviewer is not named. This increases the transparency of the review process allowing the reading public to see the reviewers’ feedback. In some cases, additional editorial information may be shared, e.g. editorial decision letters and the reviewers’ names (if reviewers wish to sign their reports).
Double-blind peer review
Double-blind peer review is a model of peer review which reduces bias by allowing reviewers to judge the manuscript based on content alone, un-biased by knowledge of who the authors are. ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç offers double-blind peer review on some biology and medical titles with academic Editor(s)-in-Chief (, , , , and ).
Patient peer review
Reflecting the important role that patients and the public play in research, ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç the launch of an interdisciplinary, health and social care journal focussing on patient and wider involvement and engagement in research, at all stages. The journal is entirely co-produced by all key stakeholders, including patients, academics, policy makers and service users. All articles within Research Involvement and Engagement are overseen by a patient and academic Editor pair, and are reviewed by at least two academics and two patients. You can read more about the rationale for the journal .
Registered Reports
A is an article format in which the rationale for a study and the proposed methodology - the “study protocol†- are pre-registered with the journal and submitted for peer review before the research takes place (and data are collected). If the reviewers are satisfied that the research question is well-framed, and the methodology is appropriate, then the “Registered Report†is accepted in principle irrespective of the outcomes of the study. This approach reduces publication . A range of journals facilitate the peer review of Registered Reports at ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç including (see ), (see ) and (see ).
Results-free review
Results-free review is a model of peer review by . This involves blinding the editors and reviewers to the results of a completed study, and, (similar to ), focuses the editorial decisions on the rationale and methods alone. However, the key difference is that the final outcomes (including data) are already known, they are just withheld initially from the peer reviewers so as not to bias the peer review process. If the manuscript (excluding results and discussion) is accepted for publication, peer review of the entire manuscript subsequently takes place to ensure the results and conclusions do not deviate unjustifiably from the research question and methodology. Read more about this model .
Re-review opt out
offers a solution for authors to avoid multiple rounds of re-review, by allowing authors to decide whether their manuscript should be seen again by reviewers after revision or for the Editors to make the final editorial decision. This peer-review policy is explained in more detail and for further information on how the initiative is progressing see .
Automated peer review
¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç is piloting with StatReviewer, a software programme that uses text mining and machine learning to assess basic statistical reporting and adherence to relevant reporting guidelines, which works alongside real peer reviewers. Three ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç journals are involved in part one of the pilot, , , and , the results of which will be available soon, and discussions are currently underway for part two. Read more about this pilot .
Portable peer review within and between publishers
To enhance the efficiency of the peer review process (for authors, peer reviewers and editors), ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç facilitates portable peer review wherever possible both within ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç and between other publishers or third parties. ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç welcomes submissions of manuscripts originally peer reviewed by the community initiative. A number of journals within the ecology and evolutionary biology fields are including for example , and . ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç will also consider manuscripts which have been rejected by other journals on interest grounds, for example, following peer review by eLIFE (read more on the rationale for portability ). ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç is also a member of the where authors are able to transfer manuscripts between participating journals with accompanying reviewer reports if they wish.
Expedited peer review
The Editors of recognise that scientifically sound, high quality manuscripts are often turned away from broad-scope "high-impact" journals based on the issue of "general interest." As a specialist journal, Epigenetics & Chromatin will consider rapid publication of such manuscripts if they are submitted together with the original peer reviewer reports, letter of rejection, and a brief rebuttal of the reviewers’ comments.
Reviewer acknowledgements
Peer reviewers are fundamental to the peer review process and at ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç we recognise their vital role by publishing annual reviewer acknowledgements (e.g. see ). We are actively exploring other in which we can recognise reviewers for their contribution.
Publons
¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç (as part of Springer Nature) has also with a service that seamlessly tracks, verifies and showcases peer review activity across all of the world’s journals, allowing reviewers to showcase their activity.