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Spatial inequality, infectious diseases and disease control

Infection Dynamics

(Picture by fxxu via pixabay.com, CC0 license)

Spatial inequality is the unequal distribution of resources and services across different areas or locations, such as healthcare, welfare, public services, household income and infrastructures. The distribution of such characteristics over space can be described in terms of proximity, distance, clustering and concentration. Spatial inequality can be visible in the urban/rural divide, between states or nations, or between more and less deprived areas within the same geographical unit.

Spatial inequalities are associated with health and social inequalities and affect population health. Understanding the extent and nature of differences between places, and their trends, can support the development of policies, strategies and interventions that have an impact on morbidity and mortality of different diseases.

As most of the are in Asia and Africa, the way infectious diseases coexist and interact with evolving rural and urban spaces, as well as with interfaces between human and wildlife, is increasingly complex.  

This collection focuses on emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals, including the impact of antimicrobial resistance, and brings together research that investigates the relationship between spatial inequalities of all kinds and the impact and prevalence of these infectious diseases. This collection will also welcome papers that seek solutions towards disease control across areas with particularly unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. 

The following journals are accepting submissions to the series:













Manuscripts should be formatted according to the individual journals instructions for authors and submitted via the online submission system. Please indicate clearly in the title page that the manuscript is to be considered for the thematic series 'Spatial inequality, infectious diseases and disease control'. 

Manuscripts will be peer-reviewed independently by the respective journal. Accepted articles will be published online on a continuous basis.

Pre-submission enquiries are welcome. If you have questions before submitting your manuscript, please contact us.

Further references

Spatial epidemiology and infectious diseases - an article collection in ¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç Medicine

Deadline for submissions: 31 December 2023.

Fees and funding

¾Á¸»ŠÊ˜·³Ç and SpringerOpen Membership program

 that fund open access article-processing charges (APCs). 


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  1. Anthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped, and spore-forming bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. It continues to be a disease of public health importance in Uganda, with spor...

    Authors: Lawrence Tumusiime, Dominic Kizza, Anthony Kiyimba, Esther Nabatta, Susan Waako, Aggrey Byaruhanga, Benon Kwesiga, Richard Migisha, Lilian Bulage and Alex Riolexus Ario
    Citation: One Health Outlook 2025 7:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic is one of the most terrifying disasters of the twenty-first century. The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to control the spread of the disease had numerou...

    Authors: Issakha Diallo, Rawlance Ndejjo, Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké Leye, Landry Egbende, Andrew Tusubira, Eniola A. Bamgboye, Manel Fall, Noel Namuhani, Marc Bosonkie, Mobolaji M. Salawu, Youssoupha Ndiaye, Steven Ndugwa Kabwama, Ndeye Mareme Sougou, Segun Bello, Omar Bassoum, Ziyada Babirye…
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Low-income urban communities in the tropics often lack sanitary infrastructure and are overcrowded, favoring Aedes aegypti proliferation and arboviral transmission. However, as Ae. aegypti density is not spatiall...

    Authors: Raquel L. Souza, Romero J. Nazare, Hernan D. Argibay, Maysa Pellizzaro, Rosângela O. Anjos, Moyra M. Portilho, Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento, Mitermayer G. Reis, Uriel D. Kitron and Guilherme S. Ribeiro
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2023 16:159
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan is an important strategy that quantifies the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. To what extent inactivated COVID-19 vaccines could impact the COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT...

    Authors: Miao Lai, Kai Wang, Chengyuan Ding, Yi Yin, Xiaoling lin, Chuanjun Xu, Zhiliang Hu and Zhihang Peng
    Citation: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2023 22:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Several factors, such as residential area topography, population density, and lack of infrastructure, were hypothesized to contribute toward respondents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding disease tra...

    Authors: Touseef Ahmed, Osama Bin Amjad, Haseeb Ahmed, Shafique Ahmed, Jamil Ahmed Ansari, Robert Ricketson and Muhammad Farooq Tahir
    Citation: One Health Outlook 2023 5:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key population for preventing HIV in China, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely accepted in this population. The objective of this manuscript was to assessed ...

    Authors: Yuan Guan, Tangkai Qi, Qibin Liao, Renfang Zhang, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Han Zhu, Qi Tang and Hongzhou Lu
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2023 20:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. As controlling malaria transmission remains a public-health challenge in the Brazilian Amazon basin, the National Surveillance System for Malaria (SIVEP-MALARIA) has registered malaria notifications for over f...

    Authors: Mario J. C. Ayala, Naiara C. M. Valiati, Leonardo S. Bastos and Daniel A. M. Villela
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2023 22:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Malaria is a growing problem in Africa, with prevalence varies from areas to areas due to several factors including the altitude. This study aimed to investigate the malaria distribution and its relationship w...

    Authors: Ntonifor Helen Ngum, Ngahbort Belthine Fakeh, Abongwa Edith Lem and Oumar Mahamat
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2023 22:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The COVID-19 epidemic and various control and mitigation measures to combat the widespread outbreak of the disease may affect other parts of health care systems. There is a concern that the COVID-19 pandemic c...

    Authors: SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Pegah Mirzapour, Zahra Pashaei, Arian Afzalian, Marcarious M. Tantuoyir, Roghayeh Salmani, Seyed Farzad Maroufi, Parinaz Paranjkhoo, Seyede Parmis Maroufi, Hajar Badri, Sanaz Varshochi, Farzin Vahedi, Esmaeil Mehraeen and Omid Dadras
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2023 20:4
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an infectious intestinal disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) that is now re-emerging and causing concern within the poultry industry. Previously, the supplementat...

    Authors: Nanshan Qi, Shaobing Liu, Fangquan Yan, Bing Chen, Shilin Wu, Xuhui Lin, Zhuanqiang Yan, Qingfeng Zhou, Shenquan Liao, Juan Li, Minna Lv, Haiming Cai, Junjing Hu, Jianfei Zhang, Youfang Gu and Mingfei Sun
    Citation: Gut Pathogens 2023 15:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. The detection of cancer in its early latent stages can improve patients’ chances of recovery and thereby reduce the overall burden of the disease. Our objectives were to investigate factors (geographic accessi...

    Authors: Nirmala Prajapati, Patricia Soler-Michel, Verónica M. Vieira and Cindy M. Padilla
    Citation: International Journal of Health Geographics 2022 21:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. In China, people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode worm. Published studies have reported that the progression of hepatiti...

    Authors: Huimin Dong, Lu Zhao, Hengchang Sun, Mei Shang, Gang Lv, Xinbing Yu, Bo Hu and Yan Huang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:460
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Mosquito-borne diseases threaten human health, but mosquito control faces various challenges, such as resistance to chemical insecticides. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective and environment-frien...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Shasha Yu, Luhan Wang, Tingting Liu, Xuesen Yang, Xiaobing Hu and Ying Wang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:458
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Key and priority populations (with risk behaviours and health inequities) are disproportionately affected by HIV in Uganda. We evaluated the impact of an intensive case management intervention on HIV treatment...

    Authors: David B. Meya, Agnes N. Kiragga, Elizabeth Nalintya, Grace Banturaki, Joan Akullo, Phillip Kalyesubula, Patrick Sessazi, Hillary Bitakalamire, Joseph Kabanda, Julius N. Kalamya, Alice Namale, Moses Bateganya, Joseph Kagaayi, Steve Gutreuter, Michelle R. Adler and Kiren Mitruka
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been effective in suppressing HIV replication. However, severe drug toxicities due to the therapy and its failure in targeting the integrated proviral genome...

    Authors: Ruchira Bhowmik and Binay Chaubey
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:58
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. We aimed to observe the clinical effect of single-stage posterior surgery on HIV-positive patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis.

    Authors: Yao Zhang, Chang-song Zhao, Jia-min Chen and Qiang Zhang
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Viral load (VL) monitoring of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may contribute to lowering the risk of vertical transmission of HIV. The aims of this study were to assess...

    Authors: Christine Chiedza Chakanyuka Musanhu, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Jawaya Shea, Inam Chitsike and Brian Eley
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Medication adherence is important to the survival of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) globally. Although, HIV viral load is reduced by antiretroviral therapy (ART), the number of people on ART continues to rise ...

    Authors: Collins Adu, Kofi Akohene Mensah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Dorothy Osei, Andrews William Tetteh and Abdul-Aziz Seidu
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Haemaphysalis flava is a hematophagous ectoparasite that acquires the nutrition needed for development and reproduction by sucking blood and digesting the blood meal. During blood-sucking and blood-meal digestion...

    Authors: Yu-Ke Liu, Guo-Hua Liu, Lei Liu, Ai-Bing Wang, Tian-Yin Cheng and De-Yong Duan
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:411
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  20. Ticks (order Ixodida) are ectoparasites, vectors and reservoirs of many infectious agents affecting humans and domestic animals. However, the lack of information on tick genomic diversity leaves significant ga...

    Authors: JunHua Tian, Xin Hou, MiHong Ge, HongBin Xu, Bin Yu, Jing Liu, RenFu Shao, Edward C. Holmes, ChaoLiang Lei and Mang Shi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:352
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Identification and characterization of larval habitats, documentation of Anopheles spp. composition and abundance, and Plasmodium spp. infection burden are critical components of integrated vector management. The...

    Authors: Wilfred Ouma Otambo, Patrick O. Onyango, Chloe Wang, Julius Olumeh, Benyl M. Ondeto, Ming-Chieh Lee, Harrysone Atieli, Andrew K. Githeko, James Kazura, Daibin Zhong, Guofa Zhou, John Githure, Collins Ouma and Guiyun Yan
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:340
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has the potential to be a useful tool for assessing key entomological parameters of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes, including age, infectious status and species identity. How...

    Authors: Bernard Mouonniba Somé, Dari F. Da, Ruth McCabe, Nicaise Denis C. Djègbè, Lawata Inès Géraldine Paré, Kadidia Wermé, Karine Mouline, Thierry Lefèvre, Anicet Georges Ouédraogo, Thomas S. Churcher and Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:338
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The South African public antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is considered one of the largest and most successful ART programmes worldwide. Hence, a study exploring the patients’ experiences of the public a...

    Authors: Delarise M. Mulqueeny and Myra Taylor
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis that is mainly transmitted through droplets from the nose and mouth of untreated patients. Owing to the lack of...

    Authors: Yanfang Zhang, Xuezhong Lei and Jiajie Lu
    Citation: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2022 21:40
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  25. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of 16S rRNA Nanopore sequencing and conventional culture in detecting infectious pathogens in patients with suspected meningitis in a resource-limited...

    Authors: Srinivas Reddy Pallerla, Do Van Dong, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Trinh Van Son, Dao Thanh Quyen, Phan Quoc Hoan, Ngo Tat Trung, Nguyen Trong The, Jule Rüter, Sébastien Boutin, Dennis Nurjadi, Bui Tien Sy, Peter G. Kremsner, Christian G. Meyer, Le Huu Song and Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
    Citation: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2022 21:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Toxoplasma gondii has been reported to be associated with higher mortality in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between T. gondii infection and 25-year mortality based on d...

    Authors: Jiaofeng Huang, Jiaolong Zheng, Bang Liu, Lingling Lu, Haicong Wu, Su Lin and Dongliang Li
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:284
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Acute liver failure (ALF) patients are often accompanied by severe energy metabolism abnormalities and intestinal microecological imbalance. The intestinal mucosal barrier is severely damaged. Intestinal endot...

    Authors: Pan Cao, Qian Chen, Chunxia Shi, Luwen Wang and Zuojiong Gong
    Citation: Gut Pathogens 2022 14:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. This study investigated prevalence trends and identified the associated factors of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among pregnant women in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), Southwest Ch...

    Authors: Shanmei Zhong, Yanyun Ou, Fei Zhang, Zhaosen Lin, Rongye Huang, Aidan Nong, Zhenxian Wu, Huayue Liang, Cai Qin, Qiuyu Wei, Yuan Yang, Dee Yu, Xianyan Tang, Li Ye, Deping Liu, Hao Liang…
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Understanding the experiences, needs, preferences, and behaviors of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are critical to tailor HIV treatment. However, there is limited empirical evidence in Ethiopia on the views of...

    Authors: Yihalem Abebe Belay, Mezgebu Yitayal, Asmamaw Atnafu and Fitalew Agimass Taye
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2022 19:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. In the eco-epidemiological context of Japanese encephalitis (JE), geo-environmental features influence the spatial spread of the vector (Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Giles 1901) density, vector infection, and JE case...

    Authors: Mei-De Liu, Chun-Xiao Li, Jing-Xia Cheng and Tong-Yan Zhao
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2022 15:171
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a recognized threat to global efforts to TB control and remains a priority of the National Tuberculosis Programs. Additionally, social determinants and socioeconomi...

    Authors: Olena Oliveira, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Raquel Duarte, Margarida Correia-Neves and Teresa Rito
    Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022 11:24
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  32. Malaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people’s health worldwide. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status in d...

    Authors: Andualem Amare, Tegegne Eshetu and Wossenseged Lemma
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2022 21:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Trichomonas vaginalis causes lesions on the cervicovaginal mucosa in women; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. We have investigated the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the induction of ap...

    Authors: Fei Fei Gao, Juan-Hua Quan, Min A. Lee, Wei Ye, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, In-Wook Choi and Young-Ha Lee
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:603
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Late presentation to HIV/AIDS care presents serious health concerns, like increased transmission and high healthcare costs, increased mortality, early development of opportunistic infection, increased risk of ...

    Authors: Chengqing Sun, Jianjun Li, Xiaoyan Liu, Zhi Zhang, Tao Qiu, Haiyang Hu, You Wang and Gengfeng Fu
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2021 18:96
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. There is evidence that the knockdown resistance gene (Kdr) L1014F and acetylcholinesterase-1 gene (Ace-1R) G119S mutations involved in pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Anopheles gambiae influence malaria tr...

    Authors: Rosine Z. Wolie, Alphonsine A. Koffi, Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou, Eleanore D. Sternberg, Oulo N’Nan-Alla, Amal Dahounto, Florent H. A. Yapo, Kpahe M. H. Kanh, Soromane Camara, Welbeck A. Oumbouke, Innocent Z. Tia, Simon-Pierre A. Nguetta, Matthew B. Thomas and Raphael NGuessan
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:581
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Colombia’s National Army is one of the largest military institutions in the country based on the number of serving members and its presence throughout the country. There have been reports of cases of acute or ...

    Authors: Omar Cantillo-Barraza, Jeffer Torres, Carolina Hernández, Yanira Romero, Sara Zuluaga, Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas, Giovanny Herrera, Omaira Rodríguez, María Teresa Alvarado, Juan David Ramírez and Claudia Méndez
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:519
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) are receiving increasing attention. Based on excellent transmission-blocking activities of the PbPH (PBANKA_0417200) and PbSOP26 (PBANKA_1457700) antigens in...

    Authors: Yongzhe Zhang, Fei Liu, Yan Zhao, Fan Yang, Jie Bai, Xitong Jia, Wanlapa Roobsoong, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Liwang Cui, Yaming Cao, Enjie Luo and Meilian Wang
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:407
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Commensal flora colonization during hospitalization by bacteria is the first step for nosocomial infections while antibiotic resistance reduces therapeutic options. In aim to control this phenomenon, we initia...

    Authors: William Lelorel Nguekap Nankam, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche, Gildas Boris Tazemda-Kuitsouc, Golda Joyce Djeutsa Chouna and Jean Michel Tekam
    Citation: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2021 20:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Integrase inhibitors (INIs)-based antiretroviral therapies (ART) are more recommended than efavirenz (EFV)-based ART for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Yet, the advantage of integrase inhibitors in treat...

    Authors: Yuanlu Shu, Ziwei Deng, Hongqiang Wang, Yi Chen, Lijialong Yuan, Ye Deng, Xiaojun Tu, Xiang Zhao, Zhihua Shi, Minjiang Huang and Chengfeng Qiu
    Citation: AIDS Research and Therapy 2021 18:25
    Content type: Review Published on:

  40. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has a worldwide distribution and is especially prevalent in North African countries. With a mean annual surgical incidence (ASI) of CE of 12.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, Tunisia is one...

    Authors: Selim M’rad, Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Massaouda Ghrab, Hamouda Babba and Myriam Oudni-M’rad
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:216
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. As malaria endemic countries strive towards elimination, intensified spatial heterogeneities of local transmission could undermine the effectiveness of traditional intervention policy.

    Authors: Raquel Lana, Narimane Nekkab, Andre M. Siqueira, Cassio Peterka, Paola Marchesini, Marcus Lacerda, Ivo Mueller, Michael White and Daniel Villela
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:87
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The rapid growth of Qatar in the last two decades has been associated with an enormous expansion of building programs in its cities and in the provision of new service industries. This in turn has attracted a ...

    Authors: Nadin Younes, Jerzy M. Behnke, Ahmed Ismail and Marawan A. Abu-Madi
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2021 14:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. According to China’s Malaria Eradication Action Plan, malaria cases diagnosed and reported by health authorities at the county level must be further re-confirmed by provincial laboratories. The Yunnan Province...

    Authors: Ying Dong, Yan Deng, Yanchun Xu, Mengni Chen, Chun Wei, Canglin Zhang, Xianghua Mao and Jingbo Xue
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2020 19:409
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Malaria primarily affects populations living in poor socioeconomic conditions, with limited access to basic services, deteriorating environmental conditions, and barriers to accessing health services. Control ...

    Authors: Carol Yovanna Rosero, Gloria Isabel Jaramillo, Franco Andrés Montenegro, César García and Arelis Alexandra Coral
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2020 19:343
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Although preventable and curable, tuberculosis (TB) still occurs in poor or developing countries, mainly in metropolitan regions of larger cities. The disease is a serious public health problem, and is directl...

    Authors: Alexandre Tadashi Inomata Bruce, Thais Zamboni Berra, Felipe Lima dos Santos, Yan Mathias Alves, Ludmilla Leidianne Limirio Souza, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Luiz Henrique Arroyo, Juliane de Almeida Crispim, Ione Carvalho Pinto, Pedro Fredemir Palha, Aline Aparecida Monroe, Mellina Yamamura, Regina Célia Fiorati, Ana Carolina Scarpel Moncaio, Dulce Maria de Oliveira Gomes and Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
    Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020 9:111
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  46. Routine tuberculosis (TB) notifications are geographically heterogeneous, but their utility in predicting the location of undiagnosed TB cases is unclear. We aimed to identify small-scale geographic areas with...

    Authors: Katherine O. Robsky, Peter J. Kitonsa, James Mukiibi, Olga Nakasolya, David Isooba, Annet Nalutaaya, Phillip P. Salvatore, Emily A. Kendall, Achilles Katamba and David Dowdy
    Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020 9:73
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  47. Several studies highlighted the impact of community-based interventions whose purpose was to reduce the vectors’ breeding sites. These strategies are particularly interesting in low-and-middle-income countries...

    Authors: Emmanuel Bonnet, Florence Fournet, Tarik Benmarhnia, Samiratou Ouedraogo, Roch Dabiré and Valéry Ridde
    Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020 9:61
    Content type: Case Study Published on:

  48. To further reduce malaria, larval source management (LSM) is proposed as a complementary strategy to the existing strategies. LSM has potential to control insecticide resistant, outdoor biting and outdoor rest...

    Authors: Steven Gowelo, Robert S. McCann, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Willem Takken, Henk van den Berg and Lucinda Manda-Taylor
    Citation: Malaria Journal 2020 19:195
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Larval indices such as the house index (HI), Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI) are widely used to interpret arbovirus vector density in surveillance programmes. However, the use of such data as an al...

    Authors: Ana Carolina Policarpo Cavalcante, Ricardo Alves de Olinda, Alexandrino Gomes, John Traxler, Matt Smith and Silvana Santos
    Citation: Parasites & Vectors 2020 13:197
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Internal migration places individuals at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB). However, there is a scarcity of national-level spatial analyses regarding the association between TB and internal migration ...

    Authors: Wei-Bin Liao, Ke Ju, Ya-Min Gao and Jay Pan
    Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020 9:5
    Content type: Research Article Published on: